Role Of Youth In National Development - 581 Words

The term – nation building or national development, is usually used to refer to a constructive process of engaging all citizens in building social cohesion, economic prosperity and political stability in a nation in an inclusive and democratic way. Going by the definition, it is seen that all citizens are to be involved in building or developing a nation. Thus, the involvement of youth in national development is a must. In fact, youths play one of the most important roles in nation building. Youth are not only the leaders of tomorrow, but also the partners of today. Young people are social actors of change and progress. They are a crucial segment of a nation’s development. Their contribution, therefore, is highly needed. Youth always†¦show more content†¦They have bubbling enthusiasm which has to be regulated and utilized the right way. This can surely ensure rapid national development. After all, all the people can only exercise their full potential when they are young and energetic. Youth is that period in which revolutionary thoughts spring to mind and these thoughts shape the world we live in. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft Corporation, is a living example. He had a revolutionary thought and he exercised his thought and look, how he has changed the world today! The policies and development works of a nation can only be carried out by the youth. As said earlier, they are the social actors of change and progress. They carry out the policies and do all the development works which older people are incapable of actually carrying out. They make policies and plans but those are implemented by the young people. That’s why youth are considered the pillars of development. Youth constitute major portion of the world’s population. About 25 percent of the world population is youth. Thus, such a major portion of population can’t be ignored. Add to it the energy and determination, youth can be considered to be almost the whole population because a young person can do the works of several old people. Moreover, they are the leaders of future. So, the youth play, probably the most crucial of roles in national development. It is to be noted that most of the problems we face are also because of youth. It isShow MoreRelatedRole Of Youth In National Development844 Words   |  4 PagesRoles of the youth in national development. With this much advantage, there are roles that young people can be involved in national development. The roles are opportunities for the youth to better their lives and in turn develop the nation. The most important of these opportunities is in solving challenges that have bedeviled the human race for ages (Foster, 2001). This is brought about because of growth in technology and knowledge. This coupled with their desire to solve problems and overcome challengesRead MoreRole of Youth in National Development1320 Words   |  6 PagesELEVENTH NATIONAL CLIENT CONSULTING COMPETITION 2010 KERALA LAW ACADEMY, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM SEMI FINAL My name is Ram Manohar. I am a farmer engaged in paddy cultivation as well as the Secretary of an Association of farmers. I come from Thirunellveli district in Tamil Nadu. About five kilometers from my farm land, a multinational company established a factory for producing soft drinks. The entire land around the factory to an extent of 10 Sq.km was under paddy cultivation. The entire water requirementRead MoreImportance Of Community Development Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesand other government sponsored development initiatives. Development implies growth plus positive changes; it is the qualitative and quantitative changes in the economy which involves development in multiple areas including development of human capital, social infrastructures, safety, literacy and other aspect of the economy. Community development is a way of strengthening civil society by prioritizing the actions of communities and their perspectives in the development of social, economic and environmentalRead Mo reThe Impact of Sangguniang Kabataan to the Development of the Youth in Selected Barangays of Gumaca, Quezon Fiscal Year 2007 – 20131492 Words   |  6 PagesSangguniang Kabataan to the Development of the Youth in Selected Barangays of Gumaca, Quezon Fiscal Year 2007 – 2013 Introduction â€Å"Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan†, a famous line from the Dr. Jose Rizal’s A la Juventud Filipinas (To the Filipino Youth). Throughout the decades, the youth of our country has fared well in taking up that challenge. Youth concerns matter to everyone. And why not, the continuity of what we have founded in our time and age fully rests on the youth. This is the reason whyRead MoreMy Organization s Programs Promote And Impact The Healthy Development Of Children And Youth Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Development Grant Please state your organization’s mission and describe how your organization’s programs directly promote and impact the healthy development of children and youth. Include the number of Indiana youth served and briefly discuss program outcomes. The mission of Kankakee Valley High School is to provide a rigorous academic training that is relevant and transferrable to students’ future learning and success. As a teacher, I am responsible for the development of studentsRead MoreRole Of The Child Health Nurse Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesThe role of the Child Health Nurse Healthy, Safe and Thriving: National Strategic Framework for Child and Youth Health (Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council 2015) Investing in the Early Years- A National Early Childhood Development Strategy (Council of Australian Governments 2009) National Framework for Child and Family Health Services- secondary and tertiary services (Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council 2015) National Strategic Framework for Rural and Remote Health (StandingRead More importance of physical activity in youths Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many other positive benefits that come through the form of exercise. Just as well, there are negative effects that can results from lack of exercise. Developing and instilling the importance of exercise through education is valuable to the youth of exercise. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When determining physical activity, it is important to know just how much qualifies as an adequate amount. It is recommended to exercise for 30 minutes a day, five days a week. However, shorter more intenseRead MoreCommunity College Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesU.S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP) Pathways to Careers: Community Colleges for Youth and Young Adults with Disabilities Demonstration Project (SCA 14-03) Why the Focus on Community Colleges Community colleges are the post-secondary institution of choice for youth with disabilities. Enrollment of students with disabilities in community colleges is growing faster than at 4-year institutions. Newman et al. found that between 1990 and 2005, community college enrollmentRead MoreRole of Student in Development of Our Nation1706 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Student in Development of Our Nation Our national development agenda has its focus on rural development. Most of India dwells in rural areas and therefore the national development agenda rightly seeks justice for those who often live in poverty, in the state of hunger and malnutrition and deprived of clean environment, sanitation and medical facilities. Rural scenarios are generally represented by agriculture, which involves all the land-related activities, such as cropping, forestry, agroforestryRead MoreYouth Unemployment in South Africa1611 Words   |  7 PagesSouth Africa aches with a chronic case of youth unemployment. The condition is appalling and the youth are on edge. Government has established numerous policies or interventions to tackle the problem and create employment. However each policy discussion to address this issue has encountered firm oppositions from various stakeholders. For example, one of South Africa’s leading trade union’s strongly opposed the Employment Tax Incentive (ETI) or Y outh Wage Subsidy proposed by government. This essay

Pearl Harbor Interactive Map Free Essays

How did the United States attempt to halt the Japanese before the attack? They shot the submarine and it sunk. . On which Hawaiian island is pearl Harbor located? AAU 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Pearl Harbor Interactive Map or any similar topic only for you Order Now What did Bert Davis and Warren Law think the chances were for a Japanese attack? Bert Davis thought that it wasn’t goanna happen as quick as it did. Warren Law thought that they weren’t going to do it. 5. How many Japanese planes were in the first wave of the attack? 1 83 6. Which ship fired the first shots Of the war between the U. S. And Japan? Did the first shot hit? The Us Destroyer Ward and the first shot did not hit but the second one did. 7. At what time did the Ward report that it had been engaged? 6:30 8. Why does this message move so slowly? . At 0720 an officer in training shrugs off reports of the planes that were sighted†¦ Why? For security reasons he cannot tell radio operators. 10. At 0733 a message arrives in Honolulu, what happened that led Roosevelt to believe there may be an attack? A decoded Japanese message. 1 1 . According to Japanese pilot Harbor Hosing, how did they judge how high to fly? If the spray from the torpedo hit the wings 12. When the attack started what had the Japanese hoped to see, and didn’t? Aircraft carriers 13. How did Warren Jones know that this was not a drill? 0755 He heard guns firing from his side of defense 14. What mistake on the part Of the Japanese led to the Utah being hit? They saw the wood-covered decks, and Hough she was a carrier 15. After reading about the Oklahoma, what happened which made it hard for the crew to escape? The battleship rolled over 16. Why was the Arizona hit by torpedoes and tables not? How were Carl Carbon’s and Warner Falseness experiences different? The torpedoes went under the Vestal and they were different because Carl was on the Arizona and Warner was on the Vestal. 17. Where was Mary’ Ann Ramsey? What does she remember? She was on Ford Island, and she remembers exploding of bombs, whine of lanes, fragments exploding, smoke everywhere 18. Who was Dories Miller? Why is he considered such a hero? Dories Miller saved and injured captain and then shot down 3 Joneses planes 19. On the West Virginia 3 men survived trapped until what date? What happened? December 23, and they died because the air gave out 20. Why couldn’t the B-1 7 Flying Fortresses that arrived from the mainland help? It couldn’t help because they didn’t have any gunfire 21 . Why was the explosion on the Arizona so devastating? It was so devastating because it killed 11 77 men and it all happened in 9 minutes 22. Who was America’s first prisoner of war? Ensign Kane Kamala 23. Why did the Nevada not continue with her escape? How to cite Pearl Harbor Interactive Map, Papers

The Baby free essay sample

Sitting in the chair at the orthodontist, palms sweating and mind racing, was not how I wanted to spend the gorgeous summer day. Not to mention it was my birthday. I had always imagined that the summer before my freshman year of high school I would completely transform into an older looking mature young woman. But in reality, I would be walking into the first day of school with shiny new braces. While my teeth were being poked and prodded all I could think about was how awful and childish I was going to look. The taste of the disgusting glue Dr. Remington placed on my teeth contributed even more to my misery. Sure I was thrilled that in 18-24 months I would have the perfect smile, but as I was getting my braces on all my friends were getting theirs off; it was not fair. Unfortunately, my parents had to send my two sisters to college back to back and that was their first priority. We will write a custom essay sample on The Baby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My smile was the least of their worries. It was always a struggle, however, to escape being known as the youngest chid. My freshmen year math class consisted of my teacher constantly calling me by my sister’s name. As attendance is being taken on the first day of school I patiently await for my name to be called. My math teacher announces, â€Å"Jamie† and I reply with a simple â€Å"Here.† A few seconds later she asks â€Å"Are you Haley’s little sister? Wow there’s another one!† That was only the beginning; as the year went on every time I spoke she exclaimed â€Å"Wow you sound just like Haley, it’s scary!† I cannot even begin to count how many times I have heard that comment. The upside to being the youngest is that I am not the guinea pig, like my oldest sister. My parents have already experienced raising two other daughters, so with me they aren’t completely clueless. My mom was a mess sending my sister off to college. My sister’s whole junior year consisted of meetings with her guidance counselor, college visits, and my mom, frustrated and flustered, trying to figure out how to fill out financial aid forms. For my recent junior planning meeting, my guidance counselor asked my parents if they had any questions about the process and financial aid as well and my mom confidently answered â€Å"Nope I have it all down from the other two.† Watching my sisters grow up and go through high school allowed me to learn from them immensely. At STEP the summer before freshman year I knew my way around Morgan so well while my fellow incoming freshman had no idea where they were going. â€Å"How do you know where everything is† is a questi on I was often asked. I felt special and more confident going into high school. â€Å"You’ll always be the baby† is a phrase I’ve heard growing up way too often. Being the youngest of three girls I’ve learned what it’s like to be â€Å"the baby† of the family. Being looked at in this way was both comforting but aggravating at the same time. I’m not always going to get what I want right away but I have become so much more independent and confident passing through stages in my life. Through my experiences I have learned that the title of â€Å"the baby† is inescapable no matter how old I get. It will always be a part of me and I have come to embrace it, as well as resent it.

Last Battle Of The 20Th Centery Essays - Music, Business

Last Battle Of The 20Th Centery Call it the last battle of the twentieth century, or the first battle of the next millennium. But don't short-sell the importance of the battle raging between the music performers and big record labels. The battlefield is the Internet, and at stake is who controls the distribution of music. In the old days, the process went like this: singer to record label to distributor to retailer to media outlet (including dance clubs) to consumer. But advances in technology create what consultants call--hold your lunch, kids--a paradigm shift. Check it: artist to web site to consumer. Sure, the record label could have a say on this issue, but artists--including some of the more vocal critics of the music industry--have started distributing music through this process. The technology breakthrough is called MP3/MP4. For those of you who just said huh? here's a quick primer: Moving Picture Expert Group Audio Layer 3, or MP3, is an open format that allows Internet users to download CD-quality audio clips. MP3 is an exceptional piece of work because its nearest competitor, RealAudio, is not nearly as clear-sounding. In order to play music using MP3, you need to download an MP3 player to plug-in to your operating system. Approximately five million of these players have been downloaded. MP4 is now available, and it allows for further compression so the files can be e-mailed. MP3, MP4, and the next generation of fat-pipe ware will fundamentally change how music is distributed to the masses. In a March 1999 interview with Wired magazine, Public Enemy frontman Chuck D laid out his assault on the music industry via MP3. His record label, Def Jam, a subsidiary of Polygram, sat on the release of Bring the Noise 2000 from March 1998 until Chuck D decided to release MP3 tracks from the album on Public Enemy's web site. The suits at Polygram had a fit and demanded that the tracks be removed from the site for fear of piracy. This is why Capital Records had the Beastie Boys remove MP3 tracks from their site. You see, MP3 tracks can be duplicated and sent out. And unlike those crappy cassette tapes you might have made of your favorite CD, MP3 tracks maintain CD quality sound after duplication. The Recording Industry Association of America has announced plans for its own web-based project called the Secure Digital Music Initiative. It allows for downloads of music from a secure site that will decrease the possibility of piracy with password protection and other safety measures. Record industry executives are quick to point out that most of the MP3 files available are illegally made, depriving artists of their royalties. That's true, and no one is going to deny that piracy is an issue. But the Recording Industry Association of America's campaign to eliminate the technology smacks of selfishness: The record industry worries about losing its power. Success comes from the fans first. If someone is going to pirate something of mine, I just have to make sure to do nine or ten new things, Chuck D told Wired. Chuck D's act of defiance will eventually be seen as mighty as the Boston Tea Party, and this is what scares the music industry most. It's the redistribution of wealth for indie labels and artists. Soon you'll see a marketplace with 500,000 independent labels. The majors can co-opt all they want, but it's not going to stop the average person from getting into the game, Chuck D said. Mike Diamond, vocalist of the Beastie Boys and co-owner of Grand Royal Records, told the magazine Red Herring that the old artist-label relationship, with the artist receiving a small piece of the pie, is dying. Now, with this new technology, we'll probably see a lot more relationships where artists own everything and the labels are just fulfillment partners, Diamond said. Like Chuck D, Diamond is also less worried about the piracy issue. I don't think it's impeded us from selling records, he told Red Herring. One format doesn't really replace the other.. Small labels and artists find more freedom with MP3, but what does it mean for the consumer? According to Chuck D, it means the end of highway

A Comparative Study In Selected Postcolonial Plays English Literature Essay Essay Example

A Comparative Study In Selected Postcolonial Plays English Literature Essay Essay Example A Comparative Study In Selected Postcolonial Plays English Literature Essay Paper A Comparative Study In Selected Postcolonial Plays English Literature Essay Paper A Proposal The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Footings defines postcolonial literature as a class devised to replace and spread out upon what was one time called Commonwealth Literature. As a label, it therefore covers a really broad scope of Hagiographas from states that were one time settlements or dependences of the European powers. In pattern, the term is applied most frequently to Hagiographas from Africa, the Indian sub-continent, the Caribbean, and other parts whose histories during the twentieth century are marked by colonialism, anti-colonial motions, and subsequent passages to post-Independence society. Critical attending to this big organic structure of work in academic contexts is frequently influenced by a distinguishable school of postcolonial theory which developed in the 1980s and 1990s, under the influence of Edward W. Said s landmark survey Orientalism ( 1978 ) . Postcolonial theory considers vexed cultural-political inquiries of national and cultural individuality, ‘otherness , race, imperialism, and linguistic communication, during and after the colonial periods. The chief figures of postcolonial theory after Said have been Gayatri C. Spivak and Homi K. Bhabha. The ‘post clearly refers to and connote a period ‘after colonialism and in this rigorous actual sense the object of postcolonial surveies is the historical period of the late 20th century as the European imperiums of the 19th and early 20th century broke up and former settlements achieved their political independency. Drama is one of the oldest and most extremely regarded literary signifiers. Like other signifiers of literature, it can be used a vehicle for showing complex ideas and attitudes. Postcolonial authors used play and the theatre non simply as a dramatic public presentation. However, postcolonial theater is public presentation staged as an act of resistanceto colonialism and its effects. In add-on to reviewing cultural ambiguities and injury of imperialism, postcolonial theatre Acts of the Apostless as a vehicle for precontact community care and for cultural transmutation. Postcolonial theatre takes a figure of signifiers, runing from the reworking of classics, ritual, history, storytelling, and the community-based public presentation. The colonised topic is characterized as ‘other as a agency of set uping the binaryseparation of the coloniser and colonized and asseverating the naturalness and primacy of the colonizing civilization and universe position. In postcolonial theory, it can mention to the colonized others who are marginalized by imperial discourse, identified by their difference from the Centre and, possibly crucially, go the focal point of awaited command by the imperial ‘ego . The term â€Å"othering† was coined by Gayatri Spivak for the procedure by which imperial discourse creates its ‘others . This thesis attempts to follow the usage of play by a choice of postcolonial playwrights who wrote in English and in Arabic to stand for the self/other or the colonizer/colonized dialectic. The authors selected are of the most celebrated in modern postcolonial literature whose plants are among its landmarks. The thesis besides attempts to demo how those different playwrights used this genre to show the self/other dialectic and what are the countries of resemblance/difference among them. The thesis falls into an debut, three chapters and a decision. Chapter One is an Introduction divided into two subdivisions. Section one attempts to specify postcolonial literature and sheds visible radiation on critics who are the innovators of this subject, viz. Edward Said, Gayatri C. Spivak, and Home K. Bhabha concentrating on the construct of the â€Å"other† . Section two sheds light on postcolonial theater and how it is used to counter colonialism. Chapter Two is divided into four subdivisions. Each subdivision discusses a postcolonial drama written in English. The dramas selected are: Wole Soyinka s The Swamp Dwellers, Derek Walcott s The Sea at Dauphin, Athol Fugard s The Island, and Brian Friel s Translations. Chapter Three is besides divided into four subdivisions and in each subdivision one drama written in Arabic is discussed. The dramas selected for survey are: Sadun Al-Ubeidy s Jisr Al-Adu, Sabah Atwan Al-Zaidy s Raseef Al-Ghathab, Alfred Faraj s Al-Nar Washington Al-Zaitun, and Bneian Salih s Sirat S. Chapter Four attempts to demo the similarities/differences between the dramas discussed. The decision sums up the findings of the survey. Working Bibliography: Primary Mentions: Al-Ubeidy, Sadun. 1965. Jisr Al-Adu. Baghdad: Al-Shaab Printing Press. Al-Zaidy, Sabah Atwan. 1975. Raseef Al-Ghathab. Unpublished drama. Faraj, Alfred. 1970. Al-Nar wa Al-Zaitun. Cairo: Dar Al-Maarif Al-Masriya. Friel, Brian. 1981. Translations. London and Boston: Faber and Faber.Fugard, Athol. 1993. The Road to Mecca. ? : Theatre Communications Group. Salih, Bneian. Sirat S. Soyinka, Wole. 2002. Death and the King s Horseman. ? : W. W. Norton A ; Company. Walcott, Derek. 1971. Dream on Monkey Mountain. ? : Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Secondary Mentions: 1. Books: Abrams, M. H. 1993. A Glossary of Literary Footings. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Acharya, Pandit Shriram Sharma. 2000. Super Science of Gayatri. Trans. Satya Narayan Pandya. Shantikunj, Haridwar: Yugantar Chetna Press. Ashcroft, Bill and Pal Ahluwalia. 2008. Edward Said. Oxford and New York: Taylor and Francis e-Library. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin ( explosive detection systems. ) 1995. The Post-Colonial Studies Reader: The Key Concepts. London and New York: Routledge. Baldick, Chris. 2001. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Footings. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Baugh, Edward. 2006. Derek Walcott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Boehmer, Elleke. 2005. Colonial and Postcolonial Literatures. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Borch, Merete Falck et Al. 2008. Bodies and Voices: The Force-Field of Representation and Discourse in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi. Burnett, Paula. 2000. Derek Walcott: Politicss and Poetics. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Chambers, Iain and Lidia Curti ( explosive detection systems. ) 1996. The Post-Colonial Question: Common Skies, Divided Horizons. London and New York: Routledge. Childs, Peter and Roger Fowler. 2006. The Routledge Dictionary of Literary Footings. London and New York: Routledge. Cooper, Frederick. 2005. Colonialism in Question, Theory, Knowledge, History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Cuddon, J. A. 1998. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Footings and Literary Theory. Middlesex: Penguin Books. Daiya, Kavita. 2008. Violent Properties: Partition, Gender, and National Culture in Postcolonial India. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Deena, Seodial. 1997. â€Å"Colonial and Canonic Control over Third World Writers.† In Postcolonial Discourse: A Study of Contemporary Literature, edited by R. K. Dhawan, 78-112. New Delhi: Prestige Books. Donnell, Alison. 2006. Twentieth-Century Caribbean Literature. London and New York: Routledge. Doring, Tobias. n. d. Caribbean-English Passages: Intertextuality in a Postcolonial Tradition. London and New York: Routledge. Ford, Clyde W. 1999. The Hero with an African Face: Mythic Wisdom of Traditional Africa. New York: Bantam Books. J. Ellen Gainor ( ed. ) 1995. Imperialism and Theatre: Essaies on World Theatre, Drama and Performance. London and New York: Routledge. Gandhi, Leela. 1998. Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction. St. Leonards, N.S.W. : Allen and Unwin. Gilbert, Helen and Joanne Tompkins. 1996. Postcolonial Play: Theory, Practice, Politics. London and New York: Routledge. Howe, Stephen. 1998. Afrocentrism, Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes. London and New York: Verso. Hudddart, David. 2006. Homi K. Bhabha. London and New York Routledge. Itwaru, Harrichand. 1997. â€Å"Colonialism and Literature.† In Postcolonial Discourse: A Study of Contemporary Literature, edited by R. K. Dhawan, 7-17. New Delhi: Prestige Books. Jeyifo, Biodun. 2004. Wole Soyinka: Politicss, Poetics and Postcolonialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Joseph, May and Jennifer Natalya Fink ( explosive detection systems. ) 1999. Performing Hybridity. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press. Lionett, Francoise. 1995. Postcolonial Representations: Womans, Literature, Identity. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Loomba, Ania. 2000. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London and New York: Routledge. McGrath, F. C. 1999. Brian Friel s ( Post ) Colonial Drama: Language, Illusion, and Politics. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. McLeod, John ( ed. ) 2007. The Routledge Companion to Postcolonial Studies. London and New York: Routledge. Mohanram, Radhika and Gita Rajan. 1996. English Postcoloniality: Literatures from Around the World. Westport, Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press. Natarajan, Nalini. 1996. Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India. Westport, Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press. Olaniyan, Tejumola. 1995. Scars of Conquest/Masks of Resistance: The Invention of Cultural Identities in African, African-American, and Caribbean Drama. New York and Oxford: OUP. Parekh, Pushpa Naidu and Siga Fatima Jagne ( explosive detection systems. ) 1998. Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Parry, Benita. 2004. Postcolonial Studies: A Materialist Critique. London and New York: Routledge. Poddar, Prem, Rajeev S. Patke and Lars Jensen ( explosive detection systems. ) 2008. A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures Continental Europe and its Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Pousse, Michel. 1999. â€Å"Anticipating Post-Colonialism: The ‘Trio in the Thirties.† In Writing in a Post-Colonial Space, edited by Surya Nath Pandey, 10-23. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. Prabhu, Anjali. 2007. Hybridity, Limits, Transformations, Prospects. Capital of new york: State University of New York. Ray, Sangeeta. 2009. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, In Other Words. West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons. Richards, Shaun. 2004. The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century Irish Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Rosello, Mireille. 1995. Practices of Hybridity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Roy, Parama. 1998. Indian Traffic: Identities in Question in Colonial and Postcolonial India. Berkeley: University of California Press. Said, Edward. 1977. Oriental studies. London: Penguin Books. . 1993. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books. Schwarz, Henry and Sangeeta Raya ( explosive detection systems. ) 2005. Companion to Postcolonial Studies. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Shands, Kerstin W. 2008. Neither East Nor West: Postcolonial Essaies on Literature, Culture and Religion. Huddinge: Sodertorns hogskola. Smith, Rowland. 2000. Postcolonizing the Commonwealth Studies in Literature and Culture. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. In Other Universes: Essaies in Cultural Politics. New York and London: Methuen, neodymium. Talib, Ismail S. 2002. The Language of Postcolonial Literatures: An Introduction. London and New York: Routledge. Venkataraman, G. 1994. Bhabha and His Compulsions. Hyderabad: University Press. Articles: Garuba, Harry. 2001. The Island Writes Back: Discourse/Power and Marginality in Wole Soyinka s The Swamp Dwellers, Derek Walcott s The Sea at Dauphin, and Athol Fugard s The Island . Research in African Literatures 32, no. 4 ( Winter ) : 61-76. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/3820807 ( accessed: 08/11/2009 ) . Olaniyan, Tejumola. 1992. Dramatizing Postcoloniality: Wole Soyinka and Derek Walcott. Theatre Journal 44, no. 4, Disciplines of Theatre: Theory/Culture/Text ( Dec. ) : 485-499. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/3208770 ( accessed 08/11/2009 ) . Boltwood, Scott. 2002. Brian Friel: Staging the Struggle with Nationalism. Irish University Review 32, no. 2 ( Autumn Winter ) : 303-318. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/25504911 ( accessed: 09/11/2009 ) .

Top Tips for Observing Mitosis Lab

Top Tips for Observing Mitosis Lab We have all seen illustrations in textbooks of how mitosis works. While these types of diagrams are definitely beneficial for visualizing and understanding the stages of mitosis in eukaryotes and connecting them all together to describe the process of mitosis, it is still a good idea to show students how the stages actually look under a microscope in an actively dividing group of cells. Necessary Equipment for This Lab In this lab, there are some necessary equipment and supplies that would need to be purchased that go beyond what would be found in all classrooms or homes. However, most science classrooms should already have some of the necessary components of this lab and it is worth the time and investment to secure the others for this lab, as they can be used for other things beyond this lab. Onion (or Allum) root tip mitosis slides are fairly inexpensive and easily ordered from various scientific supplies companies. They can also be prepared by the teacher or students on blank slides with coverslips. However, the staining process for homemade slides are not as clean and exact as those that are ordered from a professional scientific supply company, so the visual may be somewhat lost. Microscope Tips Microscopes used in this lab do not have to be expensive or high powered. Any light microscope that can magnify at least 40x is sufficient and can be used to complete this lab. It is recommended that students are familiar with microscopes and how to use them correctly before beginning this experiment, as well as the stages of mitosis and what happens in them. This lab can also be completed in pairs or as individuals as the amount of equipment and skill level of the class allows. Alternatively, photos of onion root tip mitosis can be found and either printed onto paper or put into a slideshow presentation in which the students can do the procedure without the need for microscopes or the actual slides. However, learning to use a microscope properly is an important skill for science students to have. Background and Purpose Mitosis is constantly happening the meristems (or growth regions) of roots in plants. Mitosis occurs in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In this lab, you will determine the relative length of time each phase of mitosis takes in the meristem of an onion root tip on a prepared slide. This will be determined by observing the onion root tip under the microscope and counting the number of cells in each phase. You will then use mathematical equations to figure out time spent in each phase for any given cell in an onion root tip meristem. Materials Light microscope Prepared Onion Root Tip Mitosis Slide Paper Writing utensil Calculator Procedure 1.  Create a data table with the following headings across the top: Number of Cells, Percentage of all Cells, Time (min.); and the stages of mitosis down the side: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. 2.  Carefully put the slide on the microscope and focus it under low power (40x is preferred). 3.  Choose a section of the slide where you can clearly see 50-100 cells in the different stages of mitosis (each â€Å"box† you see is a different cell and the darker stained objects are chromosomes). 4.  For each cell in your sample field of view, determine whether it is in prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase based on the appearance of the chromosomes and what they should be doing in that phase. 5.  Make a tally mark under the â€Å"Number of Cells† column for the correct stage of mitosis in your data table as you count your cells. 6.  Once you have finished counting and classifying all of the cells in your field of view (at least 50), calculate your numbers for â€Å"Percentage of All Cells† column by taking your counted number (from Number of Cells column) divided by the total number of cells you counted. Do this for all stages of mitosis. (Note: you will need to take your decimal you get from this calculation times 100 to make it into a percentage) 7.  Mitosis in an onion cell takes approximately 80 minutes. Use the following equation to calculate data for your â€Å"Time (min.)† column of your data table for each stage of mitosis:  (Percentage/100) x 80 8.  Clean up your lab materials as directed by your teacher and answer the analysis questions. Analysis Questions 1.  Describe how you determined which phase each cell was in. 2.  In which phase of mitosis was the number of cells the greatest? 3.  In which phase of mitosis was the number of cells the fewest? 4.  According to your data table, which phase takes the least amount of time? Why do you think that is the case? 5.  According to your data table, which phase of mitosis lasts the longest? Give reasons as to why this is true. 6.  If you were to give your slide to another lab group to have them repeat your experiment, would you end up with the same cell counts? Why or why not? 7.  What could you do to tweak this experiment in order to get more accurate data? Expansion Activities Have the class compile all of their counts into a class data set and recalculate the times. Lead a class discussion on the accuracy of data and why it is important to use large amounts of data when calculating in science experiments.

The wrongs of Obama Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The wrongs of Obama Care - Research Paper Example es to develop as they tend to have a lesser margin of profit and does not have extra costs compared to large businesses.4 Under these conditions, it can be implied that such act as the Obamacare could only generate a negative impact towards the health care system and it even makes erroneous government programs towards the workers employed in small businesses that do not support health insurance. Similarly, Nina Bernstein of the New York Times reported that the Affordable Care Act establishes state exchanges in reducing the cost of commercial health insurance, however, it needs a proof of citizenship or legal immigration status by the immigrants in order to â€Å"take part and apply for Medicaid benefits† provided under the law.5 This essay seeks to discuss and analyze the essential components characterized by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), or Obamacare as recognized by most people. These features include funding, regulation, taxing, and individual mand ate, wherein President Obama himself considers such legislation to be favorable and beneficial to the US economy. 2.0 Funding In one of the latest news concerning Obamacare, John Fund reported that the plan to cut $200 billion from Medicare Advantage and use the money in subsidizing the coverage of expansion to millions of Americans uninsured in the government’s program for the poor, or Medicaid is one of the misleading falsehood or deceptions of Obamacare, wherein such deception remains to be concealed as the US presidential election is fast approaching.6 Accordingly, the administration also plans to direct an approximately $8.3 billion to the Medicare Advantage, which according to the news, is sufficient to compensate about 71 percent of the cuts intended for the program this year and until 2014. However, California Representative, Darrell Issa says that the attempt to direct $8.3 billion into the Medicare Advantage is the primary reason to hide the possible trouble of havi ng a $200-billion cut, and the so-called â€Å"demonstration project,† as Representative Issa noted, is a â€Å"political fiction† that can be used in buying the votes of the electorate in this year’s upcoming election.7 Unfortunately, the probabilities of implementing Obamacare and be legally enforced into the health care system will eventually compel the seniors to retract to the traditional system of Medicare at an expense greater than the current one, and in the long run, this could spur doubts on President Obama’s statement that under such law, anyone who supports his program on health insurance are capable of sustaining it.8 As provided under section 1311-1313 of the Act,9

Apple's Loyal Customer Base Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Apple's Loyal Customer Base - Assignment Example The researcher states that Apple’s product lines mainly include the iPod and iTunes, desktop and laptop computers, the revolutionary iPad and iPhone, and the OS X operating system. The company’s main competitors are Microsoft, Sony, Dell, Acer, Samsung, Toshiba, Nokia, and HTC. As of 2011, the organization has 364 retail stores across 13 countries. As scholars point out, a well-developed business model, competitive products, an innovative marketing strategy, and a potential operational model constitute the key elements affecting Apple’s overall corporate strategy. The company organizes workshop programmes and promotes other personal customer relationship practices like e-mails and surveys as part of building a long-term relationship with its customers. This paper will discuss various strategies used by Apple to enhance its customer communication practices and drive customer relationship management effectively. Target marketing to build customer relations As of 20 11 data, Apple operates in 13 countries including United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, and Sweden. Majority of these countries are economically developed, and the remaining are rapidly emerging economies. In terms of geographic targeting, Apple focuses on market segments like cities where the density of people is very high. In addition, the organization gives specific attention to geographic market segments that have a well-developed infrastructure. By following such a geographic targeting approach, the firm tries to enhance the easy flow of raw materials and labor. In terms of demographic segmentation, Apple mainly focuses on young people and business executives, because most of the Apple products offer extensive and innovative features that may not be appealing to a middle-aged or senior person. In addition, Apple particularly targets high-income groups while dividing its market segments on the bas is of demography. To illustrate, Nokia and Samsung are major competitors of Apple in the smartphones market. Relative to Nokia or Samsung products, Apple’s smartphones are very costly as the company does not consider the needs of low-income people much. The company also practices psychological or behavioral segmentation approaches effectively. Referring to a report by Jaques, many of the people consider Apple as a luxury brand and hence they are willing to buy Apple products regardless of the prices in order to increase their social status. With the intent to take advantages of this favorable condition, Apple’s management designs and sets prices for products particularly for high-class social groups. In addition, the company identifies the potential market for a planned product in advance by exploring the psychological needs and requirements of customers effectively. For instance, Apple’s management identified the music sector as the broad market for its iPod be fore even the company began the product research or development process. Customer communications Apple gives great significance to customer communications as the company extremely values customer suggestions and feedbacks. A company uses various traditional and modern communication channels to be in line with changing customer tastes and preferences. Apple uses many ways to collect their customer information.

Disability education Essay Example for Free

Disability education Essay Your principal has come to you as a member of the Child Study Team and asked you to present an inservice to the classroom teachers of your building about their role in the IEP process. Provide detailed information about your presentation, helping teachers to understand how important their input and collaborative efforts will be to the Team process. Classroom teachers need to do a number of things as participants in the IEP process. It is, after all, a process that is ongoing from the time a child’s problem is observed until the child is identified as a special education student. Even after that, the classroom teacher, as part of the Team, is a valuable participant in the success of the child. First, teachers need to be observant and cognizant of the abilities and inabilities of his/her students as compared to the age and grade level of the rest of the students in his/her classroom. In this way, he/she can determine whether the differences noted are obvious enough to result in a discrepancy between achievement and ability and detrimental enough to the child’s success to warrant a comprehensive evaluation. Next, he/she needs to document, document, document—document behaviors, document strategies attempted, and document the results of those strategies—did they work or didn’t they? All classroom teachers should be trained and involved in the GEST (General Education Support Team) process. This process looks at regular education students and determines whether the performance the classroom teacher noted is poor enough to justify referral to the Child Study Team. Some teachers are trained better than others in the IEP and GEST process and some teachers, especially those new to the system or new to the profession are so overwhelmed that they see referral as just another thing added to their â€Å"already too full plate. † The Child Study Team, comprised of the school principal, psychologist, nurse, social worker, speech language pathologist, and other specialists as needed (occupational therapist, physical therapists, parent advocates, anyone who plays a part in seeing that the child’s needs are met), are involved in this identification process and it must include the classroom teacher. Sometimes, depending upon the school, members of the Child Study Team, take on the responsibility of giving more in-depth training to classroom teachers. Then when the GEST team meets (again, depending on the school, members may set regular meetings to discuss problems and share strategies) they lend support to those teachers whose students are struggling. Strategy intervention is extremely important because whether or not these strategies work may be the deciding factor between whether the student is referred. During this time, teachers share strategies for the purpose of helping the student to succeed. Many teachers have wonderful ideas to help students without actually realizing they are using a strategy, but this collaboration of ideas and personalities is very important to the success of students. Sometimes collaboration is difficult for teachers so the following role requirements are considered very important: †¢ Listen to different or opposing views †¢ Give up your own â€Å"turf† †¢ Share ideas and responsibilities †¢ Solve interpersonal problems outside the Team meeting †¢ Show respect for colleagues and their opinions †¢ Resolve conflicts as soon as possible. †¢ Manage resistance to new and different ideas †¢ Reflect on current practices Strengths of the collaboration include being able to bring individual skills, training, and perspectives to the table, and these individual resources combine to strengthen teaching and learning opportunities, methods, and effectiveness. Combining these skills and expertise will help everyone to meet the needs of all students. Collaboration also allows for an increase in instructional options; improves educational programs; reduces stigmatization for students; and provides support for the professionals involved. Challenges of collaboration, however, indicate that only a few educators are truly prepared for collaborative roles and responsibilities since little, if any training is provided as a course of study. Although part of this is a result of training, part of it is also a result of being open-minded enough to accept another’s opinions and ideas. Another challenge is that teachers need to consider standards-based education, standards within the district, state and federal guidelines. Since today’s teachers are expected to be more accountable than ever, many of them are resistant to special education students being involved in assessment programs because it means their classroom averages and therefore their school’s averages will be lower. Finally, another problem teachers see with collaboration is being able to â€Å"let go. † Many teachers feel protective of their turf, occasionally because they are concerned that they are doing the wrong thing and don’t want anyone to â€Å"find them out† or sometimes because they feel their ideas are so precious, they don’t want to share them! Collaboration, then, helps to meld the IEP as it unfolds and organize it into a meaningful document providing the structure for student success. Once the identification process is complete, however, the classroom teacher is still a valued contributor in that he/she is often encouraged to carry through on strategies provided by the special educator, observe the student to recognize whether the strategies are generalizing to other academic areas, and be ready to provide updated information when the IEP is reviewed at least annually. As you can see, classroom teachers have a big responsibility in the IEP process and some feel very intimidated by it, but if they can realize that their input is valued as well as unique, they may become more willing contributors. References Friend, M. (2003). Interaction Collaboration Skills for School Professionals. Boston: Allyn Bacon. Hewit, J. S. Whittier, K. S. (1997). Teaching Methods for Todays Schools Collaboration and Inclusion. Boston: Allyn Bacon. Kansas State Department of Education. (2005). Conditional Teaching License. Retrieved on February 28, 2006 from: http://www. ksde. org/cert/conditional. htm Kansas Department of Education. (2001)Effective practices for gifted education in Kansas. Retrieved on March 2, 2006 from: http://www. kansped. org/ksde/resources/effpract. pdf#search= Ryan, K. , Cooper, J. M. , (1998). Those who can, teach (8th ed). Boston: MA Houghton Mifflin Co.

History, Culture and Self Discovery in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club Essay

History, Culture and Self Discovery in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, the relationship between history, culture and identity is illustrated through the narrations of seven women. In these stories the women discuss events of their past and the reader is able to see how it affects them later in life. In addition, they also discuss how they have been shaped by cultural expectations. These two things affect both the mothers and daughters in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best example of how personal history affects the development or loss of an identity is through the stories of Ying-Ying St. Clair. The events in Ying-Ying’s early life foreshadow ones that happen later in her life. For example, when Ying-Ying was a small child she fell overboard a boat and was lost in the water. Even her name means "clear reflection" which foreshadows her future loss of identity (Tan). Later, she immigrated to the United States and ended up being stuck on Angel Island Immigration Station for three weeks, "lost in a sea of immigration categories"(Tan 107). Throughout her life she was able to see things before they happened, but this did not allow her to prevent the loss of her sense of self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During Ying-Ying’s first marriage she plays the role of an obedient wife so well that she becomes one and puts it above everything else. Later in the book when she looks back on it she states, "I became a stranger to myself"(Tan 280). After all this the man is unfaithful to her and leaves her for an opera singer. It is to this event that she attributes the loss of the golden side of her tiger sprit. Long after this, when St. Clair began courting her, she saw this as a sign that she would also lose the other half of h... ...es she wants to keep the house and is in control of her life again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of the characters in the novel are struggling to find themselves. Personal history is an obvious contributor to the development of the characters' senses of self. The events that occur in a character’s past influence their attitudes toward themselves and the way they treat their daughters. The two cultures that meet in the families portrayed also influence these attitudes. It is only when the characters take both these factors into account can they begin to discover their true selves. Work Cited Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Random House, 1989. Sources Consulted Do, Thuan Thi. Chinese-American Women in American Culture. 1992 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~tdo/ea/chinese.html Jokinen, Anniina. Anniina's Amy Tan Page. 1996 http://www.luminarium.org/contemporary/amytan/

Open-source mobile application development

Application Development for Emergency Data Collection This Master degree project identified disasters and emergencies as a global humanitarian and technological challenge. Emergency management organizations' need for access to accurate and up-to-date information about the emergency situation, to help respond to, recover from and mitigate the effects of disasters and emergencies, present a challenge to the field of Genomics.Today the use of remote sensing technologies presents an Increasing number of lotions. There are types of spatial data, however, e. G. Submerged, invasions or otherwise hidden features that still require emergency field personnel and volunteers to interpret and record. By utilizing the increasing ubiquity and computational power of modern smoothness, in order to reach a large number of potential users and volunteers, a mobile application for emergency field data collection was developed.It was developed as a component of a system that, In order to be as collaborati ve, adaptable and accessible as possible, also to resource-poor organizations, was, with a minor exception, completely open-source licensed. Field trials were held that, due to low participation, could not conclusively evaluate the application and its general applicability to emergency field data collection. They did, however, provide an adequate proof-of-concept and showed that it was possible to apply the application and the Implemented system to a specific emergency field data collection task.The system has great collaborative potential, achieved through openness, mobility, standards compliance, multi-source capability and adaptability. Its administrators re given a high degree of control that lets them adapt the system to suit the current users and situation and its flexibility make it widely applicable, not only for emergency management. From literature, the field trials and the experience gained while developing and using the application, some Ideas for Improving the applicati on and the system were discussed and some future research topics were suggested.Acknowledgements The author would like to express gratitude to: his supervisors – for helpful read-through, comments and suggestions and for their positive attitude which helped him believe In the project throughout its velveteen, his family and friends – for their interest and curiosity, Sandra Person, for her support, understanding and valuable comments, and to all the participants of the Field Trials: Thank You!Appendix 3 – Field Trials Instructions and 63 Appendix 4 – Application User Guide (non-final version)†¦ Dictionary and Abbreviations API Application Programming Interface; can be described as a group of pre- constructed software components that developers can combine and use for creating new software. A collection of algorithms, classes and/or data structures for e. G. Performing specific tasks or communicating with other software. Disreputableness request A typ e of request standard published by COG (2013) and used by WFM clients to retrieve information about a specific layer offered by the WEST.DECADE The Android application developed as a case study during this thesis project; â€Å"the Emergency Data Collector for Android†Ã¢â‚¬ . EEOC Emergency Operation Centre, a location where emergency management leadership can gather to receive and analyses information, including spatial data, and coordinate rescue and relief efforts (Cutter 2003). Excitability's A type of request standard published by COG (2013) and that is sent to WHAMS or WFM services to query the service for available layers, options and capabilities in general. Gadget request A type of request standard by COG (2013) that is used for requesting map images from a WHAMS.GIS Geographic Information System; a system capable of managing and using spatial data, aiding in activities such as data collection and storage, viewing, map creation, manipulation and analysis. GEM Geogra phy Markup Language, a spatial data standard published by COG (2013). For further description see Table 3. GAPS The Global Positioning System; a system of satellites that broadcast signals which allow devices with GAPS receivers to calculate their position on the Earth. Layer A layer is a digital representation of a collection of physical features, such as roads, buildings, lakes etc.Each layer consists off specific geometric type such as a Point, Line or Polygon and has common attributes, such as road length, building use category or lake area. A layer can be displayed on a map e. G. By querying a geopolitical server. COG Open Geopolitical Consortium; a consortium of government agencies, universities and companies that develop common open standards promoting geographic information accessibility and interoperability (COG 2013). Open-source Refers to computer software for which the license includes a number of access and use rights to its source code, defined by the Open Source Initi ative (OSI 2013).That is, users may for example look under-the-hood of the program, modify it or any purpose and forward it to other users directly. SO Operating System; a basic device software that manages platform for managing and interacting with all other applications on the device. Server Refers too geopolitical server, see Figure 3, whose address can be stored in DECADE. It is a computer software system which can be sent queries over the Internet, in this case for geographic information to display on top of Google Maps, and to which data can be uploaded.SF Simple Features Specification; a spatial data standard published by COG (2013). SLD Styled Layer Descriptor, an COG (2013) web map styling standard. For further description see Table 3. Smartened A hand-held device for mobile voice-, text- and data communication that has a fast Internet connection multiple sensors, including camera and GAPS receiver. Its hardware is powerful enough to browse web pages and run advanced comput er programs (mobile applications). Often uses large (for hand-held phones) touch-screens.Spatial data Data with a spatial component, I. E. Coordinates, that are defined by an SIRS and that bind the data to physical locations or geometric features. SIRS Spatial Reference System; a system defining how coordinates relate to locations on Earth. WFM Web Feature Service, an COG (2013) web mapping interface standard for serving geographic features. For further description see Table 3. WHAMS Web Map Service, an COG (2013) web mapping interface standard for serving map images. For further description see Table 3. 1. Introduction Since 1980, 2. Million people have lost their lives in the 21 000 events recorded in â€Å"the most comprehensive source of natural catastrophe data in the world† (Munich Re AAA, p. 49). Total global material value lost due to natural disasters during the period is estimated at 3800 thousand million IIS$, with a distinctly rising trend both n the annual rate o f loss (Maureen and Breathe 2011) and the annual frequency of reported natural disasters. In addition, technological disasters (e. G. Industrial or transport accidents) contributed with on average 9000 deaths per year during the last decade, 2002-2011 (FRI. 2012).One tool for improving emergency management is quick access to accurate and updated information about the emergency situation or disaster. Such information can be of vital importance for emergency management to enable distribution of the right resources to the right places at the right times and for proportioning the efforts which have the greatest benefit. Much of this essential information has a spatial component, such as extents and locations of damaged areas, the locations of spatial data, are useful in all phases of emergency management (Cutter 2003; Al- Shuddery 2010).There are, however, challenges to overcome in the utilization of spatial data and geographic information systems (GIS) in the context of emergency manag ement, as recognized by e. G. Geezer and Smith (2003) and Manicurist (2005). One such challenge is providing decision makers and field workers with access to data that are accurate and sufficiently up-to-date for their specific purpose. For data that cannot be captured with remote sensing techniques, such as satellite data and aerial photos, or stationary monitoring networks (see e. G. Liana et al. 005), emergency management organizations have to rely on field data collection by employees and/or volunteers. As pointed out by EL-Gamely et al. (2010), recent improvements in software and hardware technology have enabled real-time access to and collection of spatial data in the field. Many groups have utilized the increasing ubiquity and capabilities of modern smoothness for developing field data collection systems (e. G. Enhances et al. 009; Clark et al. 2010; xx et al. 2010; White et al. 2011; Chem. et al. 2012; Decant et al. 2012; Went et al. 2012).Several of these groups have develo ped such systems as open- source projects, which can potentially benefit society in terms of supporting collaboration between developers, allowing derivative work to build upon previous achievements and allowing less resource-strong communities access to these useful data collection tools. This project builds on these notions of open access and collaboration in creating a free and open mobile GIS and field data collection system. A system that is tailored award emergency management and has a high degree of scalability and adaptability to organization-specific needs.It makes use of existing open-source technologies for the server-side architecture and for the development of a mobile application, henceforth known as DECADE (the Emergency Data Collector for It only requires distribution of DECADE and the server address to those devices. 1. 1. Aim The main aim of this thesis project is to develop a mobile application as a component of a complete open-source system for emergency field da ta collection. A secondary aim is to evaluate the mobile application to discern whether it is applicable to emergency field data collection and how it can be improved for that purpose. 2.Background This chapter describes the context in which DECADE may operate* and why it is useful. By defining and describing disasters, emergencies and emergency management, and by outlining the role of spatial data in emergency management, the rationale behind its development is illustrated. Undertaken and examples of the technology, standards and open-source licenses available to it are presented. This will provide background for discussion about and aid in the development of the proposed system architecture and the implementation f DECADE that is presented in the System Design and Case Study chapters.The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISON) is developing a body of terminology for use by the emergency and disaster management communities. It is intended to improve the work to r educe disaster risk by making the use and understanding of common vocabulary consistent throughout the community (UNISON 2009). To help promote this common understanding this report will, where applicable, use the definitions proposed by the UNISON. 2. 1 . Disasters & Emergencies To understand the importance of emergency management and the environment in which DECADE and the proposed system (see section 3. . ) could be utilized, the nature and frequency of disasters needs some attention. The following definition of â€Å"disaster† is proposed by the UNISON: â€Å"A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. † – UNISON 2009, p. 9 To study disasters, there are several database projects that record disasters and related information. Some of these databases are creat ed and managed by re- insurance companies (e. . Munich-Re and Swiss-Re). Since these companies provide insurances for other insurance providers, when disastrous events cause widespread damage, they are often paying a significant part of the recovery costs. Thus, in addition to e. G. Universities and governmental organizations, these re-insurance companies have a natural interest in studying disasters and emergency management. Table 1 : Catastrophe categorization developed Jointly by Munich Re, CREED, Swiss Re, the United Nations Development Programmer (UNDO), the Asian Disaster ReductionCentre (DARK) and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISON) in 2007. Source: FRI. 2012, p. 251-252. Natural disasters Biological Insect infestations, epidemics and animal attacks. Geophysical Earthquakes and tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and dry mass movements (avalanches, landslides, recalls and Climatologically Droughts (with associated food insecurities), extreme temperatures a nd wildfires. Hydrological Floods (including waves and surges) and wet mass movements (avalanches, landslides, recalls and subsidence of hydrological origin).Meteorological Storms (divided into nine sub-categories). Technological Industrial accidents Chemical spills, collapse of industrial infrastructure, explosions, fires, gas leaks, poisoning and radiation. Transportation Transportation by air, rail, road or water. Miscellaneous Collapse of domestic or non-industrial structures, explosions and fires. Natural catastrophes are by far the most common and the most costly type of event, both in human and economic losses.According to the ME-DATA database, during 2002-2011 (not counting non-natural, non-accidental events), natural catastrophes caused almost 13 times as many deaths as technological causes and in excess of 37 times as much economic damage (FRI. 2012). Among the types of natural catastrophes, in all parts of the world meteorological and hydrological catastrophes are the mos t numerous (Munich Re AAA). When it comes to fatalities, however, most are caused by geophysical events or, as in Europe and Africa, climatologically events.Asia, being the largest and most populated region, suffers the largest number of catastrophes, the most fatalities and the highest amount of overall economic losses, while North America alone has 65 % of the world's insured losses (Munich Re AAA). In recent years, current and future changes in the global climate have been projected o cause meteorological, hydrological and climatologically extreme events to become more frequent or more intense in many areas (Parry et al. 2007) and an increase in the number of, as well as losses from, weather-related disasters have been identified (Bower et al. 007; Maureen and Breathe 2011). However, as the work by Maureen increase in losses. It may be, as argued by Bower et al. (2007), that it's mainly the increased susceptibility of human societies that is causing current increases in losses, d ue to expansion of settlements into sensitive areas and further arbitration leading to a concentration of population and wealth at risk. In any case, the need for better resilience to catastrophic events in human societies is increasing, and significant efforts to improve emergency management before, during and after an emergency event are being made. . 2. Emergency Management DECADE and the proposed system for which it is designed are intended to be used for emergency management, which incorporates all aspects of how communities handle emergency situations. It involves risk assessments as well as planning and education for improved preparedness. It involves policies, guidelines and routines for how to organize participants and resources available, to best respond to the events homeless and for recovering efficiently in the hours, days, months and perhaps years after an event.It also involves how communities learn from mistakes and take steps to reduce future susceptibility to simil ar events. More succinctly put emergency management is: â€Å"The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps. † – UNINSPIRED, p. 13 In what form emergency management is used depends on the type of emergency that is being considered, but different strategies may be more or less general in their applicability to different types of events (see Table 1).The different phases of emergency management are commonly described as forming a cycle (Figure 1; Cutter 2003; Manicurist 2005; EL-Gamely et al. 2010) with some form of categorization of the relevant emergency management activities. Figure 1 depicts one such interpretation using three phases based on the definitions below. Response: â€Å"The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safet y and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. † – UNISON 2009, p. Recovery â€Å"The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors. † – UNISON 2009, p. 23 Mitigation â€Å"The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. † Preparedness â€Å"The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. – UNISON 2009, p. 21 Preparedness can accordingly be thought of as part of the mitigation phase, although it's sometimes defined as a separate fourth management phase (e. G. Abdullah and Lie 2010). The duration of the phases shown in Figure 1 can, according to th e definitions above and those mentioned by Cutter (2003) be approximated to hours to weeks for the response phase and months to years for the recovery phase. The mitigation phase lasts indefinitely or until a new emergency event occurs.As explained by Manicurist (2005); each emergency management phase should ideally be conducted in a way that facilitates success in the next phase, but in the ease of rebuilding societies in the recovery phase this is often overlooked in favor of quickly restoring societies to their previous states. Emergency events can occur in many different ways, as shown in Figure 1 by the three arrows representing the emergency event. They can strike with full intensity immediately and then slowly subside, like an earthquake which is followed by smaller after-shakes.They can slowly increase in intensity until they abruptly end, like a drought becoming increasingly severe until rain comes and quickly rejuvenates vegetation and fills rivers and lakes with water aga in. They can strengthen and weaken gradually, eke a flooding disaster during which the water level slowly reaches its peak and then slowly retreats again. Events can also be singular surprise events, as the figure in Cutter (2003, p. 440) might indicate, which are over before any sort of response can be organized. Such events might be e. . Sudden landslides or singular earthquakes. In line with the above definitions, the overlapping of the phases depicted in Figure 1 illustrates, first, that the response phase can begin while the emergency event is still ongoing. Second, restoration of facilities in the recovery phase can start (and might even be necessary) revived. Thirdly, it illustrates that mitigation concerns should be addressed already in the recovery phase so that the recovering society will be more resilient to future emergency events.Regarding societies' resilience to catastrophes, it can be defined as: â€Å"The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. † Building resilience in a society includes many kinds of activities both aimed at reverting catastrophes from occurring or reducing their impact and at improving how the society can respond to and recover from them (Table 2).A notable prevention strategy used in many countries is using land-use planning to restrict development in hazardous areas, albeit with different approaches to assessing risks and what actions to take (e. G. Contain et al. 2006; Galvanic et al. 2010). Other mitigation strategies include e. G. Construction regulations, warning systems, protective structures such as flood barriers (Godchild 2003; De la Cruz-Arena and Tilling 2008; Galvanic et al. 2010) and evacuation plans (Chatterer's et al. 009).While many such strategies may be effective, there is also a need to ensure that plans and regulations are properly enforced. This is not always the case, especially in poorer countries, as discussed by Kenny (2012). Table 2: Examples of strategies for mitigating catastrophe effects and for improving response and recovery after catastrophes. The division indicates whether they aim to prevent or reduce damage or to improve handling of damage after the event. Mitigation Response and Recovery Land-use planning Insurance against losses Construction regulation Education and Awareness Warning system development Response plansProtective structures Improvement of tools for emergency management Plan and regulation enforcement SAID development for improved decision making With regard to coping with (responding to and recovering from) catastrophic events, building economic buffers to ensure the availability of resources, I. E. Insurances, is a common strategy. Munich Re (AAA) estimate that approximately a quarter of the financial losses that occu rred due to natural catastrophes 1980-2012 were insured. Of these insured losses, 81 % occurred in North America and Europe (Munich Re AAA). Kenny (2012) also notes that the victims themselves still pay most of the cost

Hamlets downfall stems from his inability to revenge Essay

Hamlets downfall stems from his inability to revenge. How is this fore grounded in the early parts of the play, breaking from the traditional conventions of an Elizabethan revenge tragedy? It can be said that Hamlet’s procrastination and inability to act result in his eventual demise. Shakespeare forewarns the audience of Hamlet’s flaws throughout the play, in his soliloquies and also through the exploration of the Elizabethan revenge tragedy. During the Elizabethan period, it was commonplace to write within the genre of the revenge tragedy. This particular genre was extremely popular with the public due to the themes it embodied. Namely restoring order through punishing vice and gaining personal retribution. Other features often included treason, incest and the appearance of a ghost. Hamlet’s belief in the occult and fear of damnation embodies the feelings of people at the time, â€Å"The spirit I have seen may be a devil, and the devil hath power to assume a pleasing shape†¦ perhaps out of my weakness and my melancholy†¦ abuses me to damn me. † Hamlet is unusual in that it is set in Denmark, a protestant country. When examining vice and human failings, Shakespeare and other writers often set their plays in catholic countries. The reason for this being that the examination of vice in Hamlet would not appear to be critical of the English court and also his ethical dilemmas would strike more of a chord with his audience. One such issue that is thought about by many people is suicide. Hamlet’s early mention of this prepares the reader for his eventual downfall. At the beginning of the play Hamlet expresses his wishes to die â€Å"Oh that this too too solid flesh would thaw, and resolve itself into a dew. † The use of ‘solid’ simply expresses his wish to just melt and disappear into nothingness. Some texts however, replace solid with ‘sullied’, giving the quotation a slightly more interesting meaning, perhaps referring to the incest occurring between his mother and his uncle, a subject on which he must not make his opinions known. It also implies that he is also talking of the corruption in his own flesh. Some interpretations of the play suggest that Hamlet has a possible Oedipus complex (sexual obsession with his mother); this is further highlighted in his later comments about â€Å"incestuous sheets†, although this probably just refers to his mother’s relationship with his uncle. Incest was a popular vice in the Jacobean genre, as it is regarded to be a mortal sin, specifically when involving a mother and her son. It is clear however that Hamlet does wish to kill himself, although he realises that God is against suicide as it is also a mortal sin, â€Å"That the everlasting had not fix’d his cannon ‘gainst self slaughter. † His religious beliefs also conflict with his need to revenge as the church also teaches that revenge is wrong under all circumstances. This conflicts with the Elizabethan revenge tragedy, which usually address’ the dynamics rather than the moral side of revenge. Hamlet’s role changes throughout the play; in the opening act, Hamlet plays the malcontent. He is still in mourning for the death of his father, almost a juxtaposition to the celebration around him due to his mother’s wedding. The burden of revenge and the corruption around him leads to his supposed madness, brought on by his inability to cope with the pressure, he comments earlier in the play that he is no ‘Hercules’. It is likely that Hamlet uses the disguise of madness to speak the truth, as it excuses him from the consequences of what he says. An example of this is Hamlet talking to Polonius about his mistreatment of his daughter, â€Å"You are a fishmonger [pimp]†, as Polonius uses his daughter to get to Hamlet. Hamlet does not wish to be used in this way by the ghost, who may be an evil spirit, and so damn his soul, the main reason perhaps for his procrastination. Shakespeare uses soliloquies to share Hamlet’s innermost thoughts with the audience, who sympathise with his various predicaments. These speeches establish Hamlets is more of a scholar than a man of action like his father; he realises this and admits that he is no ‘Hercules’. Without the encouragement of the ghost to revenge it is doubtful that Hamlet would have ever killed Claudius. He has sworn to suffer stoically, and hold his tongue. Even when he is sure that the ghost speaks truth, he will not kill the king while he prays for fear that Claudius will escape hell, â€Å"a villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven†. In this sense Hamlet is very much an opposite of Laertes, who wishes to revenge his father’s death. Unlike Hamlet, he is not afraid of being damned for the act of revenge â€Å"I dare damnation†. Laertes is more of a traditional Jacobean revenger as he uses the stereotypical images and words of the hero â€Å"to cut his throat I’ th’ church†, and is an obvious opposite to Hamlet. It is ironic that Hamlet is incapable of acting on his filial obligation of his father’s â€Å"most foul and unnatural murder† when he would rid Denmark of corruption by doing so, but Laertes is prepared to revenge the murder of his corrupt father. It is debatable whether it is Hamlet’s procrastination that leads to his eventual death, as at the beginning of the play he threatens Horatio with his sword â€Å"unhand me gentlemen, by heaven I’ll make a ghost of him that lets me! † It could be suggested that Hamlet’s eventual death is due to his disobedience of the ghost’s orders, â€Å"taint not thy mind†, an almost impossible order as Hamlet is exposed to corruption firstly from his uncle, Claudius, the instigator of corruption, also through the accidental murder of Polonius, his doomed relationship with Ophelia and his immoral thoughts of his mother, Hamlet gradually becomes corrupted. Calderwood comments, â€Å"Hamlet’s solution for the moment is to take refuge in the cleft between action and inaction. He does not act but instead†¦ plays mad, which cuts his behaviour off from the world of pragmatic affairs in which action and inaction have no meaning. † Hamlet, after Claudius’ death would have become king, but through revenging he becomes part of the problem â€Å"It is a massy wheel†¦. to whose huge spokes ten thousand lesser things are mortis’d†¦.. When it falls, each†¦ petty consequence, attends the boist’rous ruin. † Hamlet’s death provides a fresh start for Denmark. He may not have perhaps made a balanced king, especially due to his outbursts of madness, thus he would be unbeneficial to the kingdom. This is expressed in the play when Rosencrantz says: â€Å"The cease of majesty dies not alone, but like a gulf doth draw what’s near it with it. † It is perhaps due to this reason that Hamlet must die, in order to fully restore order in Denmark. The breaking of the traditional revenge tragedy makes Hamlet so much more appealing to its readers, as it is not confined to the question of how to revenge. It answers questions to which everyone is prone to debate (do we â€Å"take arms† against our problems or suffer stoically? ), hence its popularity. Shakespeare alerts us to Hamlet’s various failings through soliloquies with the audience in which we hear his innermost thoughts. Hamlet’s eventual death is due to a combination of emotional stress an inability to act, and his desire to always do the right thing, causing him to slip into a world where he doesn’t have to act, but also to wastes valuable time. Hamlet is tainted by the corrupt, a reason in the end for why he must die.

6 Ways Nurses Can Stay Healthy During Flu Season

6 Ways Nurses Can Stay Healthy During Flu Season Chances are, the hospital or facility you work at requires you to get your flu shot. But sometimes even that is not enough. Here are 6 more preventative measures you can take to protect yourself from getting sick this season. 1. Treat Your Body Like a TempleJunk food is not your friend. Red Bull and french fries and Snickers bars might get you through a shift, but they won’t get you through flu season. Try and eat healthier (and make sure to include fruits and vegetables!) so your body gets the vitamins and minerals it needs to fight things off. And stay hydrated!2. Get Some SleepYou’re working overtime and the time off you do have is full of holiday activity. Make sure to rest as much and as well as you can so you don’t have to lose work time or play time.3. Be Travel SmartStay hydrated and boost your vitamin intake. Carry Airborne or Zicam or Emergen-C and a packet of sanitizing wipes on planes and trains and buses so you don’t pick up any germs.4. Be Vi gilantStart to get a sniffle or a sneeze? Feel a little achy? Stop what you’re doing and take care of yourself. Take your vitamins, get some rest, drink lots of fluids. Use hand sanitizer often. Get a humidifier. If you’re proactive enough, you can head the flu off at the start.5. Get CleanClean your kitchen and bathroom regularly. But don’t forget to also sanatize the things you carry with you, like your cell phone or your keys. A few disinfectant wipes will do a lot of good in fending off the army of germs. And if you do get sick, remember to change your toothbrush.6. Be an EnforcerYou’re a nurse, so you’re a hand washing and sanitizing pro. But the rest of your family probably isn’t. Get on your soapbox and make sure everyone you love is following the same guidelines. No sick people preparing food! Use tissues to sneeze! Wash hands after coughing! Protect your loved ones and protect yourself.

New Orleans Jazz Bands Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Orleans Jazz Bands - Research Paper Example Secret societies ascribed to the Yoruba and Dahomean people assured fellow tribesmen of a proper burial being performed following one’s death. In order to oversee the accomplishment of this guarantee, resources were pooled in order to ensure the formation of what was generally labeled an early insurance form (Hersch, 32). When slaves were shipped to America, the notion of affording proper burials to fellow sisters or brothers remained strong. With the passing of time, the same concepts that had deep roots in African ideology evolved into one of the basic principles that formed the social as well as pleasure clubs in New Orleans. In a similar way that numerous fraternal orders did, this social club guaranteed proper conditions of burial to any member who eventually passed. These organizations emerged as precursors to companies dealing with debit insurance and burial insurance as a concept (Jacobsen, 55). In New Orleans, they talk of an individual ‘being sent off with musi c’. The Jazz funeral is New Orleans’s fundamental music experience. It is imperative that an individual be buried properly to ensure that their souls are at peace. The African protocols that marked a proper burial in New Orleans encountered those of Europe. Dancing during funerals was not only a guarantee in Africa, but also an old Spanish tradition that hailed from African heritage. The South embodied an African burial tradition that usually took place at night. Meanwhile, New Orleans’s Catholic City, held processional funerals that were led by the church, dating back as far as the Spanish era (Jacobsen 59). The beginning of the nineteenth century saw band instruments beginning to play during funerals for back people in New Orleans. By the end of the century, the funerals were held for uptown Protestants of Anglo-American descent and Catholic Creoles alike. Many of the former embodied what New Orleans refers to as a ‘spiritual church’, renowned for its music traditions that are quite powerful. Brass bands had grown to great popularity in New Orleans and the rest of the country. Jazz had its roots nourished in the African-American community to a great extent, but grew into a broader phenomenon drawing from numerous ethnic groups and communities in New Orleans. A collaborative relationship that was special developed New Orleans’s brass bands and societies for mutual aid and benevolence. Societies for Mutual Aid and Benevolence were common in New Orleans among numerous groups during the nineteenth century (Hersc, 47).Following the Civil War, these organizations took on adopted a special meaning for the emancipated African Americans with limited economic resources. These societies served the purpose of helping the sick and burying the dead. These were important functions, seeing as there was a general prohibition barring blacks from securing health insurance and commercial health services. Whereas numerous organizations in New Orleans utilized brass bands in concerts, parades, funerals, and political rallies, the African-American societies for mutual aid and benevolence took on a distinctive expressive approach to parades and funeral processions-something which goes on at present. During their events, celebrants in the community would join the exuberant processions of dance. The phenomena that characterized the community participating in parades came to be known as ‘

The Surgical Count in Perioperative Nursing Research Paper

The Surgical Count in Perioperative Nursing - Research Paper Example This may sound strange but evidence of research and studies proved that incidence of retained sponges and instruments (RSI) happen. This paper presents the observed conformity of evidence-based practice on surgical counts procedure with respect to applied nursing research, taking into consideration the observations and experiences I earned during my actual clinical exposure in a healthcare facility’s operating room (OR) setting where surgical procedure is done. It aims to identify any observed flaws in the procedure base on my personal observation and to determine the common causes of discrepancies in surgical counts in spite of the strict adherence to a standardized guideline adaptable in international surgical settings. To begin with, surgical counts, according to Spry (2005, p. 168), is the â€Å"counting of sponges, sharps such as blades and needles, and instruments that are opened and delivered to the field for use during surgery.† The International Federation of P erioperative Nurses (IFPN n.d.) provided the basis for the surgical count practice in order to promote safe, quality perioperative patient care internationally, that is intended to standardize sponge, sharp and instrument counts and includes basic principles as guidelines adaptable in surgical settings internationally. The certified surgical technologist and the circulator (circulating nurse) are responsible in the proper performance of surgical count (Association of Surgical Technologists 2006), but according to Belton and Berter (2004), either a surgical technician or a registered nurse can fill the scrub nurse role in performing the surgical count after surgical hand scrub and aseptically donned a surgical gown and gloves. The surgical count is done to ensure that all items used during the surgical procedure are removed and can be accounted for completion of the procedure (Hamlin, Richardson-Tench, & Davies 2009, p. 88). All surgical items delivered to the sterile field prior to the incision and during the actual surgery are reconciled for completeness to the inventoried items after the end of the surgery (Spry 2005, p. 168). Moreover, the surgical count plays a vital role in enabling the perioperative practitioner and surgical team to enhance the patient’s safety (Rothrock 2002). Rothrock emphasized that surgical items used by the surgical team in performing invasive procedures are foreign bodies to the patient and must be accounted for at all times to prevent retention and injury to the patient. The International Federation of Perioperative Nurses (2009) or IFPN promulgated the general guidelines in surgical count covering surgical count standards as to general criteria, sponge count, sharp count, instrument count, documentation, and count discrepancies. This guideline established by the IFPN (n.d.) was conformed by the Australian College of Operating Room Nurses (ACORN), Association for Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN), National Association of Theatre Nurses (NATN), Operating Room Nurses Association of Canada (ORNAC), and South African Theatre Nurse (SATS). In spite of the crucial adherence to standardized surgical count procedure, there were evidences showing that discrepancies exist. According to Greenberg, Regenbogen, Lipsitz, Diaz-Flores, and Gawande (2008), â€Å"one in 8 surgical cases involves a surgical discrepancy in the count; the majority of which were unaccounted-for sponges and instruments, representing potential retained sponges and instruments.† In the report of amednews staff Kevin B. O’Reilly (September 2008), he stated that â€Å"While cases of retained foreign objects are rare, discrepancies in counts happen in 13% of surgeries, according to an August Annals of Surgery study.† O’Reilly (2008), as he cited the Annals of Surgery

Business Management and Personal Skills Assignment

Business Management and Personal Skills - Assignment Example Academic writing involves putting together information from literature, including journals, books, websites, periodicals, reports and other, in a synchronized and organized manner and offer originality of thought to support the thesis. Referencing these sources in the correct manner as per the required citation style (APA, Harvard, MLA, and Chicago etc.) is quintessential to support the argument being made. Counterarguments also need to be offered to ensure that the author is well aware of both sides of the argument which enhances the validity of these arguments.   However, mere paraphrasing of authors’ ideas and putting them together without synchronizing them will result in a ‘patchwork’ and not an essay or a report. It is, therefore, critical to link the ideas with each other to ensure a coherent meaning is conveyed. Although I had strong skills as far as finance and accounting were concerned, my creative writing skills needed refinement as was indicated by m y instructors in their feedback. I found it increasingly difficult to organize my free-flowing thoughts into a structure and develop a flow throughout my piece of writing. According to Barrass, after scanning through the index to check whether the book is relevant or not it is useful to skim through the text to gather the main ideas. Following this pattern, I took notes after my ‘second’ reading of the text and tried reconstructing outline for the topic. This allowed me to organize my thoughts in a better way.... cluding journals, books, websites, periodicals, reports and other, in a synchronized and organized manner and offer originality of thought to support the thesis. Referencing these sources in the correct manner as per the required citation style (APA, Harvard, MLA, and Chicago etc.) is quintessential to support the argument being made (Tissington et al., 2009). Counterarguments also need to be offered to ensure that the author is well aware of both sides of the argument which enhances the validity of these arguments (Neville, 2010) (Anderson, 2010). However, mere paraphrasing of authors’ ideas and putting them together without synchronizing them will result in a ‘patchwork’ and not an essay or a report (Bovee et al., 2008). It is, therefore, critical to link the ideas with each other to ensure a coherent meaning is conveyed. Although I had strong skills as far as finance and accounting were concerned, my creative writing skills needed refinement as was indicated by my instructors in their feedback. I found it increasingly difficult to organize my free flowing thoughts into a structure and develop a flow throughout my piece of writing. According to Barrass, after scanning through the index to check whether the book is relevant or not it is useful to skim through the text to gather the main ideas (Barrass, 1996). Following this pattern, I took notes after my ‘second’ reading of the text and tried reconstructing outline for the topic. This allowed me to organize my thoughts in a better way. During my study, however, I was exposed to the concept of group studies which is something that has been reinforced by my learning on team dynamics and team working in organisations. Theory suggests the significance of learning through teams (Hills, 2001). However, my

Brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Brand Management - Essay Example rand of its retail business, and it is the largest division in the Cooperative Group and it is one of the largest food retail chains in the country of United Kingdom. The strategy adopted by the group is to mainly serving the local communities with small stores, in line with the objectives of cooperative movement, rather than competing with the bigger supermarkets. Members of The Co-operative Group get rebate on the value of purchases made from the cooperative retail stores. The brand concept of the group, for example in the case of Co-op 99Â  brand tea, portends success of a comprehensive strategy that may be adopted for its foods business, to leverage its strengths goodwill in the market. The products with Cooperative brands already appearing with its own labels are available throughout the country in their own stores and other retail cooperative societies. A strategy for consolidation of the brand image and brand value at this stage would enhance the brand identity, recognition, image and positioning relative to the competing products. Brand image denotes the respectability or the status of the products or services as perceived by the consumers. Brand represents character, quality or attributes in respect of the products or services which is very important for the manufacturers or service providers to position the product or services in the market place or differentiate them from the others. Every entrepreneur tries to introduce unique features to strike a chord with the customers with varied expectations, requirements, aspirations and psychological needs. In creation of a brand, building unique features into the products or services plays a basic and important role. Establishing the brand in the market place involves creating awareness about the products in the minds of the consumers. Creation, establishment and maintenance of the brand could be called as brand management. There are so many factors involved in a brand to be successful in the long

Approaches to Treating Depression: An Analysis

Approaches to Treating Depression: An Analysis Stacey Obispo NCU Intervention Program Depression is an issue that will affect 10 percent of the young adults in the United States (Buss, 2012). Possible solutions towards treating depression can be found through an evolutionary perspective. By looking through the lens of evolutionary psychology one can see how the ancient environments different from the ones we have today have developed and molded the structure and functions of our brains. Treating depression through understanding environmental influences and natural selection in shaping brain formation and behaviors can be an effective way towards incorporating an intervention plan to prevent and counter the effects of depression. Theoretical Approach The theoretical basis for the depression intervention program is based on an ethological approach. The role of biology in studying human behavior brought on from Darwin’s theory of natural selection was enforced through ethology (Buss, 2012) The ethological approach for treating depression is one that should be considered because it does not just treat the symptom (such as sadness) it attempts to treat the root of the problem. Using an ethological approach to depression answers the four whys of behavior. The four â€Å"whys† of behavior include: 1) the immediate influences of behavior; 2) the developmental influences of behavior; (life;3) the function of behavior or the â€Å"adaptive purpose† it fulfills, and 4) the evolutionary or phylogenetic origins of behavior (Buss, 2012). The first two â€Å"why† questions examine the causes of behaviors pertain to the processing of internal and external stimuli such as one’s anatomy (Geerts Brune, 2009). Th e second two â€Å"why† questions are referred as the evolutionary causes which address the evolutionary processes that molded the behavior (Geerts Brune, 2009). These questions are important pertaining to depression because with these answers a deeper understanding involving the biological action of behavior or selective advantages regarding a person’s survival and reproductive process can be understood as well as how the origins of the behavior may have come about and evolved. Evolutionary Psychology Darwin’s theory of natural selection composes of three essential ingredients variation, inheritance, and selection. Organisms vary in different ways such as personality, cell structure, defensive ability and etc. The raw materials provided that are essential for evolution to operate is variation (Buss, 2012). Some variations are inherited passed down from parents to offspring down through the generations(Buss,2012). As a result, more offspring results due to the aid of heritable variants for the task of survival or reproduction(Buss 2012). Another way variation applies is through phenotypes. Phenotypes are the physical and biochemical characteristics of an organism as determined by the interaction of its genetic make- up and the environment (Brune et al. ,2012). They are important to understanding how behaviors develop due to environmental factors. Phenotypic variation occurs when an intricate interaction of environment and genotype including epigenetic devices are decisively shaped by experiences of the individual lifespan (Brune et al., 2012). Implementation of an intervention program can be made by looking at how the origins of these traits apply to psychological development of maladaptive traits and the detection and the development and nature of its devices, explain the â€Å"proximate causes†, and evolutionary history and adaptive value (Brune et al, 2012). Treating depression through understanding environmental influences and natural selection in shaping brain formation and behaviors seen through the lens of genetics, environment and psychotherapy is the basis for the intervention program. Genetics and Environment Belsky and Pluess (2009) found that in humans parenting and gene environment interactions can affect ones susceptibility to depression. Individuals may be more likely to develop psychiatric conditions like depression because they carry variations of genes that make them vulnerable. What is even more striking in the research of Belsky and Pluess (2009) is the discovery of variations of genes can predispose an individual into developing depression due to unfavorable environmental conditions such as child abuse an these alleles can also protect and allow enhanced coping from experiencing favorable environmental conditions. So the gene can produce two results; predispose one to a psychiatric condition or enhance coping skills. These results show how genes and environment interplay with each other to get either a favorable or unfavorable result. The results advocate how selection favors flexibility which contributes towards individuals being more exposed to environmental possibilities (Br une et al., 2012). This knowledge is valuable for making interventions to depression because the research has suggested that if one is in a favorable environment can foster positive results such as enhanced coping skills (Belsky Pluess, 2009). Conversely, environmental influences such as poor parenting practices and insecure attachment with parents can predispose one to a psychiatric condition (Belsky Pluess, 2009). With this found knowledge the depression intervention program can be implemented because the genetic and environmental causes have been identified. Intervention Program The depression intervention model will be administered with participants who volunteer for the program. Eligible participants will include individuals who have been identified by California Department of Social Services who are currently encountering a depressive episode or who are living in unfavorable conditions which might provoke the occurrence of depression. Families that have been identified at being high risk for child abuse and neglect will also be invited to partake in the intervention program. Individuals who take part of the intervention will receive help through a clinical psychologist administering Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) which is drawn from Bowlby’s attachment theory. The length of treatment will be 1hour sessions given once weekly over the course of six months. Relating to Evolutionary Psychology Evolutionary concepts are important in understanding mental health issues such as depression. An example of how gene and environment interaction interplay with each other is seen in Bowlby’s attachment theory. Psychological and psychiatric clinical practices have drawn upon Bowlby’s attachment model which state that early social interaction between mother and newborn plays an important role in the social development in life and that abnormal early attachment can predispose the child to psychopathology later in life (Geerts Brune, 2009). Following on the evolutionary concept of Bowlby is CFT. CFT is a form of therapy that teaches patients the importance of phenotypic variation and evolutionary concepts. Gilbert (2009) points out that CFT focuses on distinguishing at least three types of emotion regulation systems: threat and protection systems; drive, resource-seeking and excitement systems; and contentment, soothing and safeness systems. The threat and protection system is the source of most psychopathologies and all living things have a threat detection and protection system (Gilbert, 2009). However environmental factors like early life events (unattached mother) may stimulate an individual’s threat protection system which in turn lead to the development of safety strategies which can operate automatically as a conditioned or conflicting response (Gilbert, 2009). Safety strategies according to Gilbert (2009) can include avoiding interpersonal conflict, seeing one’s self as inferior , and being quick to socially anxious and uncertain. Strategies such as these can increase one’s vulnerability to depression and low self- esteem and depression (Gilbert, 2009). According to Gilbert (2009) the drive system relates to the threat protection system by trying to avoid negativity through thoughts such as â€Å"shoulds†, â€Å"oughts† and â€Å" musts† .Material possessions, and achievement are pursued in order to feel safe and deter the feeling of inferiority and rejection (Gilbert, 2009). However in depression there is decreased activity in this system. The contentment system is related with being happy and not having the need to seek for things(Gilbert,2009). Contentment is the absence of activity in the threat protection system. The contentment system is linked to opiates which regulates happy feelings(Gilbert,2009). Bowlby’s attachment theory is related to contentment systems because a parent touching and soothing a baby has an effect on a baby’s physiology (Gilbert, 2009) According to Gilbert (2009) caring behavior is important because it activates the soothing in the threat and protection system and causes it to not be overstimulated. CFT uses attachment theory to help individuals understand the ecological bases ingrained and communicated through their symptoms and offers reasons for giving up unprofitable behavioral strategies or defenses. Conclusion Treating depression through an ethological approach treats the root of the problem not just the symptom. CFT approaches depression by considering phenotypic variations and informing patients of how these variations are a part of an evolutionary process. A depression intervention program like the one modeled which places emphasis on understanding the roles of genes, environment, and psychotherapy can be an effective tool in combating depression. References Belsky, J., Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. doi:DOI: 10.1037/a0017376 Brune, M., Belsky, J., Fabrega, H., Feierman, H., Glibert, H., Glantz, K., Polimeni, J. (2012). The crisis of psychiatry- insights and prospectus from evolutionary theory. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3266750/?tool=pubmed#B16 Buss, D. (2012) Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind 4th ed. Prentice Hall Geerts, E., Brune, M. (2009). Ethological approaches to psychiatric disorders: Focus on Depression and schizophrenia. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10[emailprotected]hid=104 Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion -focused therapy. Retrieved from apt.rcpsych.org/content/15/3/199.full